Table 9 Percentage contributions of the process steps to environmental impacts—“Straw”
Biomass provision | Pyrolysis | Gasification | Synthesis + Comb. Cycle | Gasoline use | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Acidification | molc H + eq | 2020 | 21.0 | 11.1 | 2.8 | 6.0 | 59.1 |
2050 | 17.6 | 11.7 | 2.3 | 6.3 | 62.1 | ||
Climate change | kg CO2 eq | 2020 | 21.6 | 6.6 | 5.0 | 3.1 | 63.7 |
2050 | 18.4 | 7.1 | 2.8 | 3.4 | 68.3 | ||
Freshwater ecotoxicity | CTUe | 2020 | 2.1 | 6.1 | 1.1 | 1.7 | 89.0 |
2050 | 1.7 | 6.2 | 0.8 | 1.7 | 89.7 | ||
Freshwater eutrophication | kg P eq | 2020 | 6.7 | 16.2 | 7.8 | 4.5 | 64.8 |
2050 | 5.8 | 17.5 | 1.9 | 4.8 | 70.0 | ||
Human toxicity—carcinogenics | CTUh | 2020 | 7.1 | 10.0 | 4.3 | 3.1 | 75.5 |
2050 | 5.8 | 10.3 | 3.1 | 3.2 | 77.6 | ||
Human toxicity—non-carcinogenics | CTUh | 2020 | 22.9 | 14.7 | 2.1 | 4.1 | 56.3 |
2050 | 19.3 | 15.5 | 1.5 | 4.3 | 59.3 | ||
Ionizing radiaton—human health | kBq U235 eq | 2020 | 14.7 | 7.7 | 10.3 | 4.8 | 62.5 |
2050 | 12.8 | 8.5 | 4.8 | 5.3 | 68.6 | ||
Marine eutrophication | kg N eq | 2020 | 32.0 | 5.5 | 3.9 | 9.2 | 49.4 |
2050 | 27.8 | 6.0 | 2.9 | 9.9 | 53.5 | ||
Ozone depletion | kg CFC-11 eq | 2020 | 23.2 | 4.3 | 4.5 | 2.7 | 65.3 |
2050 | 19.6 | 4.6 | 4.4 | 2.8 | 68.6 | ||
Particulate matter/Respiratory inorganics | kg PM2.5 eq | 2020 | 13.3 | 7.9 | 1.8 | 2.8 | 74.2 |
2050 | 10.9 | 8.1 | 1.7 | 2.9 | 76.4 | ||
Photochemical ozone formation | kg NMVOC eq | 2020 | 26.7 | 4.2 | 2.6 | 7.1 | 59.4 |
2050 | 22.7 | 4.4 | 2.2 | 7.5 | 63.1 | ||
Resource depletion—mineral, fossil and renewable | kg Sb eq | 2020 | 4.3 | 8.1 | 0.3 | 2.1 | 85.2 |
2050 | 3.5 | 8.2 | 0.4 | 2.1 | 85.9 | ||
Terrestrial eutrophication | molc N eq | 2020 | 32.8 | 5.6 | 3.4 | 9.4 | 48.8 |
2050 | 28.3 | 6.0 | 2.9 | 10.1 | 52.6 |