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Table 3 Solid biofuels composition in Spain.

From: A stochastic approach to feasibility analysis of boiler replacement in educational buildings in Extremadura (Spain)

Fuel

LHV (kWh/kg)

ρ (kg/m3)

D (mm)

L (mm)

Mw (%)

S (%)

Ψ (%)

Fixed carbon (%)

Volatile matter (%)

Bulk pellets

4.7–5.3

1000–1400

4–10

< 40

< 12

≤ 0.04

< 1.5

48.1

85.3

Wood chip (class 1)

2.8–4.4

200–320

–

≤ 63

20–45

≤ 0.20

≤ 3.0

46.6

89.1

Olive kernel

5.0–5.3

650–700

–

3–5

7–12

≤ 0.01

≈ 3.5

21.9

76.4

Milled nutshell

4.4–5.3

470

–

< 30

8–15

–

–

34.9

76.1

  1. LHV: low heating value, ρ: density, D: diameter, L: length, Mw: moisture content, S: sulphur content and Ψ: ash content
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Energy, Sustainability and Society

ISSN: 2192-0567

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