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Table 9 The long-run effects of renewable energy and economic growth on carbon emissions in the ASEAN countries

From: The role of renewable energy in the energy–growth–emission nexus in the ASEAN region

 

FMOLS

DOLS

CO2 emissions per capita

CO2 emissions per capita

GDP per capita

0.883***

0.875***

(0.073)

(0.088)

Renewable energy

− 0.724***

− 0.703***

(0.091)

(0.112)

Energy consumption

− 1.062***

− 1.020***

(0.177)

(0.215)

Population

0.377***

0.364***

(0.064)

(0.078)

Constant

− 7.052***

− 6.983***

(0.903)

(1.099)

Observations

149

147

Adjusted R2

0.756

0.955

  1. All variables are in the form of natural logarithms. FMOLS stands for fully modified OLS; DOLS stands for dynamic OLS. Standard errors are reported in parentheses. Symbol *** represents significant level at 1 per cent
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Energy, Sustainability and Society

ISSN: 2192-0567

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