Table 2 List of policies and settings for modelling

Taxes/charges

 Energy tax (gasoline)

€/l

Input field

ref^b

0,6545

0,6545

[51]

GZ (222/265-6)

tax_1

 Energy tax (diesel)

€/l

Input field

ref^b

0,4704

0,4704

[51]

GZ (222/265-6)

tax_2

 Energy tax (electricity)

€/kWh

Input field

ref^b

0,0205

0,0205

[52]

256

tax_3

 Electricity network charge

€/kWh

Input field

ref^b

0,0748

0,081

[53, 54]

tax_4

 VAT fossil

%

Input field

ref^b

19

19

tax_5

 VAT electricity

%

Input field

ref^b

19

19

tax_6

 EEG Umlage

€/kWh

Input field

0

0,0688

0,0372

[53, 54]

tax_7

 Carbon price non-ETS

€/t

Input field

400

0

30

law (BEHG)

266

tax_8

 Carbon price ETS

€/t

Input field

250

8

89

[55]

tax_9

 Road charge (all roads)

€/km

Input field

0,09

0

0

n.a.

234

tax_12

Parking

 Parking costs (urban, suburb, rural)

€/trip

Input field

15, 5, 0

5, 0, 0

5, 0, 0

[56]

202, 203

prk_1-3

 Limit non-resident parking space (urban)

%

Input field

3

n.a.

206

prk_4

Road speed limitl^c

 Highways/motorways

km/h

Input field

120

n.a.

n.a.

law (StVO)

GZ (228)

lim_1

 Primary/secondary roads (B, L, etc.)

km/h

Input field

80

100

100

law (StVO)

GZ (228)

lim_2

 City/built-up areas

km/h

Input field

30

50

50

law (StVO)

GZ (228)

lim_3

Public trans. pricing between zones

 VAT PT tickets (all)

%

Input field

0

19

7

[57]

253

pt_1l^d

  Short distance

  Local PT price (urban, suburban, rural)

€/trip

Input field

2.5, 3, 3

3.4

[58]

252, 256

pt_2-4l^d

  365€/a ticket

tickbox

on

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

pt_5l^d

  Free local public transport

tickbox

on

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

pt_6

  Free education public transport

tickbox

on

236

pt_7l^d

  Long distance

  Price reduction/ticket subsidy

%

Input field

0

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

252, 254

pt_8

 BahnCard 50 for all

tickbox

on

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

255

pt_9

Infrastructure and service investment

 Implement Deutschlandtakt

tickbox

on

inf_1

 Local public tra. availability (on-demand)

tickbox

on

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

249

inf_2

 Reactivation of closed rail lines according

prio. 1,2,3

Input field

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

245, 246

inf_3_run-rail

 Long-distance rail average speed

km/h

Input field

150

[59]

247, 257

inf_4

 Build bicycle highways between zones

4 categor.

Input field

3

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

196, 215

inf_5

 Stationary carsharing (suburban/rural)

tickbox

on

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

tbd

inf_6

Regulatory framework

 Ban of domestic flights up to

km

Input field

2000

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

228

reg_1

 Share of people living in car-free zone in all cities with urbanisation=1:

%

Input field

30

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

231

reg_2

 Changes to travel regulation: Share of

business trips replaced by telemeetings

%

Input field

50

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

194

reg_3

 Add. days worked from home (right HO)

% add. days

Input field

50

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

192, 195, 200

reg_4

 Incentives for local shops, edu. and recreational facilities (rural): add. POIs

%

Input field

33

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

200

reg_5