Skip to main content

Table 3 Relevant parameters considered in the foreground systems for the scenario analysis

From: Scenario-based LCA for assessing the future environmental impacts of wind offshore energy: An exemplary analysis for a 9.5-MW wind turbine in Germany

Relevant parameters in the foreground systems

Scenarios

2030

2050

Description

Units

Pessimistic

Moderate

Optimistic

Pessimistic

Moderate

Optimistic

Distance shore

km

40

40

40

40

40

40

Water depth

m

20

30

35

20

30

35

Visits maintenance

units

3

2

1

3

2

1

Cut in; rated; cut off

m/s

3; 9; 25

4; 10; 25

5; 13; 25

3; 9; 25

4; 10; 25

5; 13; 25

Hub heights

m

140

120

100

140

120

100

Rotor diameter (9.5-MW)

m

174

169

164

174

169

164

Annual electricity (9.5- MW)

GWh

37

39

41

37

39

41

Unit mass (8 MW reference; Φ 167 m)*

t

1785 ± 135

1582 ± 129

Unit mass (9.5-MW)*

t

2075

1955

1839

1826

1660

1498

Lifetime

years

20

20

20

20

20

20

Background data (database)

–

SSP2-RCP6.5/CN60

SSP2-RCP2.6/CN65

SSP2-RCP2.6/CN65

SSP2-RCP6.5/CN60

SSP2-RCP2.6/CN65

SSP2-RCP2.6/CN65

  1. *Estimated values include foundation, tower, rotor, and nacelle, without transmission cables. Φ: Rotor diameter