Virtual power plants: an in-depth analysis of their advancements and importance as crucial players in modern power systems

Table 6 Summary of real-world VPP applications

Name of VPP	DER type	Aggregated assets	Capacity	Geographical operation	Investments	Year of commencement
Nextkraftwerke	Biogas, CHP, PV, ESS, WT	9000	7700 MW	Germany, Belgium, France, Austria, Italy, Netherlands	N/A	2009
Fenix Project	CHP, WT	1000 +	0.168 GW	UK, Spain, France	$17.4 m	2005
WEB 2 Energy	CHP, PV, WT, Biogas	16	40.5 MW	Germany, Poland	N/A	2009
EDISON	EVs	52	125 MW	Denmark, Germany	N/A	2011
ConEdison	PV, Battery storage	1000	100–300 MW	USA	-N/A	2016
Zhangbei	PV, WT, ESS	About 500	49.5 MW	China	-N/A
AGL VPP	Batteries, PV	1000	5 MW	Australia	$19.5 m	2017
SA Tesla VPP	Solar panels, Batteries	4000	250 MW	Australia	$66 m	2018
Statkraft	Wind turbines, Solar panels	1000	10 GW	Norway	N/A	2007
OhmConnect	Solar panels	1000+	550 MW	California	$20 m	2014
SunRun	Solar panels	About 8000	990 MW	California	$50 m	2007

CHP combined heat and power, ESS energy storage system, PV photovoltaic, WT wind turbine

ISSN: 2192-0567