Table 5 The underlying data and parameters used in different scenarios

_{Passenger transport-road}

_{Transport volume (pkm)}

₃₆₂₇₅₄

_− 4.6%

_{− 4.6%*(1–90%/3)}

_{− 4.6%*(1–90%/3*2)}

_{− 4.6%*(1–90%)}

_{− 4.6%*(1–90%)}

_{Carbon emission intensity (g/pkm)}

_31.70

_− 3.4%

_− 3.4%

_− 3.4%

_− 3.4%/3

_0%

_{Passenger transport-rail}

_{Transport volume (million pkm)}

₉₅₆₇₈₁

_4.0%

_{4.0%*(1–44%/3)}

_{4.0%*(1–44%/3*2)}

_{4.0%*(1–44%)}

_{4.0%*(1–44%)}

_{Carbon emission intensity (g/pkm)}

_6.11

_− 2.5%

_− 2.5%

_− 2.5%

_-2.5%/3

_0%

_{Passenger transport-air}

_{Transport volume}

₆₅₂₉₀₃

_9.3%

_{9.3%*(1–58%/3)}

_{9.3%*(1–58%/3*2)}

_{9.3%*(1–58%)}

_{9.3%*(1–58%)}

_{Carbon emission intensity (g/pkm)}

_87.69

_− 1.6%

_− 1.6%

_− 1.6%

_− 1.6%/3

_0%

_{Passenger transport-water}

_{Transport volume (million pkm)}

₃₃₁₁

_0.8%

_{0.8%*(1–59%/3)}

_{0.8%*(1–59%/3*2)}

_{0.8%*(1–59%)}

_{0.8%*(1–59%)}

_{Carbon emission intensity (g/pkm)}

_2.04

_− 3.3%

_− 3.3%

_− 3.3%

_− 3.3%/3

_0%

_{Freight transport-road}

_{Transport volume (million tkm)}

_6908765

_5.0%

_5.0%

_{5.0%*(1–22%/3)}

_{5.0%*(1–22%/3*2)}

_{5.0%*(1–22%)}

_{Carbon emission intensity (g/tkm)}

_41.25

_− 3.4%

_− 3.4%

_− 3.4%

_− 3.4%/3

_0%

_{Freight transport-rail}

_{Transport volume (million tkm)}

_3319073

_4.3%

_4.3%

_{4.3%*(1–10%/3)}

_{4.3%*(1–10%/3*2)}

_{4.3%*(1–10%)}

_{Carbon emission intensity (g/tkm)}

_6.11

_-2.5%

_− 2.5%

_− 2.5%

_− 2.5%/3

_0%

_{Freight transport-air}

_{Transport volume (million tkm)}

₂₇₇₇₃

_0.2%

_0.2%

_{0.2%*(1–35%/3)}

_{0.2%*(1–35%/3*2)}

_{0.2%*(1–35%)}

_{Carbon emission intensity (g/tkm)}

_974.32

_− 1.6%

_− 1.6%

_− 1.6%

_− 1.6%/3

_0%

_{Freight transport-water}

_{Transport volume (million tkm)}

_11557751

_5.0%

_5.0%

_{5.0%*(1–30%/3)}

_{5.0%*(1–30%/3*2)}

_{5.0%*(1–30%)}

_{Carbon emission intensity (g/tkm)}

_6.13

_− 3.3%

_− 3.3%

_− 3.3%

_− 3.3%/3

_0%

_{City buses}

_{Carbon emissions (million tons)}

_{Carbon emissions (million tons): 8.5}

_3.2%

_3.2%

_3.2%

_3.2%

_3.2%

_{Carbon emission intensity (g/tkm)}

_− 4.3%

_− 4.3%

_− 4.3%

_− 4.3%/3

_0%

_Taxi

_{Transport volume (million pkm)}

_{Carbon emissions (million tons):9.3}

_0.5%

_{0.5%*(1–35%/3)}

_{0.5%*(1–35%/3*2)}

_{0.5%*(1–35%)}

_{0.5%*(1–35%)}

_{Carbon emission intensity (g/pkm)}

_-4.3%

_-4.3%

_-4.3%

_-4.3%/3

_0%

_Motorcycles

_{Transport volume (million pkm)}

_{Carbon emissions (million tons): 11.8}

_3.4%

_{3.4%*(1–35%/3)}

_{3.4%*(1–35%/3*2)}

_{3.4%*(1–35%)}

_{3.4%*(1–35%)}

_{Carbon emission intensity (g/pkm)}

_− 3.4%

_− 3.4%

_− 3.4%

_− 3.4%/3

_0%

_Metro

_{Transport volume (million pkm)}

₂₃₀₁₅₁

_12.2%

_{12.2%*(1–77%/3)}

_{12.2%*(1–77%/3*2)}

_{12.2%*(1–77%)}

_{12.2%*(1–77%)}

_{Carbon emission intensity (g/pkm)}

_11.8

_− 2.7%

_− 2.7%

_− 2.7%

_− 2.7%/3

_0%

_{Private and institutional passenger vehicles}

_{Transport volume (million pkm)}

_{Carbon emissions (million tons): 514.5}

_7.8%

_{7.8%*(1–35%/3)}

_{7.8%*(1–35%/3*2)}

_{7.8%*(1–35%)}

_{7.8%*(1–35%)}

_{Carbon emission intensity (g/pkm)}

_− 3.4%

_− 3.4%

_− 3.4%

_− 3.4%/3

_0%

_{Private and institutional trucks}

_{Transport volume (million tkm)}

_{Carbon emissions (million tons): 158.4}

_5.0%

_5.0%

_{5.0%*(1–22%/3)}

_{5.0%*(1–22%/3*2)}

_{5.0%*(1–22%)}

_{Carbon emission intensity (g/tkm)}

_− 3.4%

_− 3.4%

_− 3.4%

_− 3.4%/3

_0%

_{Rural vehicles}

_{Transport volume (million tkm)}

_{Carbon emissions (million tons): 23.9}

_5.0%

_5.0%

_{5.0%*(1–22%/3)}

_{5.0%*(1–22%/3*2)}

_{5.0%*(1–22%)}

_{Carbon emission intensity (g/tkm)}

_− 3.4%

_− 3.4%

_− 3.4%

_− 3.4%/3

_0%